Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions for Cholecystitis

Common nursing diagnoses for cholecystitis include pain, imbalanced nutrition, risk of fluid volume deficit, knowledge deficit, and anxiety. Corresponding nursing interventions involve dietary management, pain control, fluid monitoring, health education, and psychological support, with care plans tailored according to the patient's condition. Immediate medical attention is recommended if severe abdominal pain worsens, or if high fever or jaundice occurs.

I. Nursing Diagnoses for Cholecystitis

1. Pain: Often caused by gallbladder contraction and inflammatory stimulation, presenting as persistent right upper quadrant pain that may radiate to the shoulder and back. Pain typically intensifies after consuming fatty foods, interfering with rest and daily activities.

2. Imbalanced Nutrition: Reduced appetite due to pain or necessary fat restriction may lead to inadequate nutritional intake, manifesting as weight loss and fatigue.

3. Risk of Fluid Volume Deficit: Nausea, vomiting, or fluid loss from fever can result in signs of dehydration such as dry mouth and decreased urine output; close monitoring for dehydration is essential.

4. Knowledge Deficit: Patients may lack understanding of the causes, dietary restrictions, and treatment process of cholecystitis, potentially leading to inappropriate eating habits or non-compliance with medication, which can impair recovery.

5. Anxiety: Due to recurrent symptoms and discomfort, patients may experience anxiety,表现为 irritability and concerns about treatment outcomes, negatively affecting sleep and the mindset toward recovery.

II. Nursing Interventions for Cholecystitis

1. Dietary Management: During the acute phase, fasting (no food or drink) is required. Once symptoms improve, introduce a low-fat, high-protein, easily digestible diet. Avoid spicy and greasy foods, and adopt a pattern of small, frequent meals to reduce gallbladder strain and promote inflammation resolution.

2. Pain Management: Assist the patient in assuming a comfortable position, such as supine with knees flexed. Administer antispasmodic and analgesic medications as prescribed. Monitor and document the location, nature, and duration of pain to evaluate relief.

3. Fluid Monitoring: Closely observe urine output and skin turgor. Promptly clean up vomitus if present, and administer fluid replacement as ordered to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and prevent dehydration.

4. Health Education: Educate patients on the causes and triggers of cholecystitis, instruct them on proper medication use and follow-up schedules, and emphasize the importance of avoiding overeating and maintaining regular meal times to enhance self-management.

5. Psychological Support: Communicate patiently with the patient, listen to their concerns, and explain the condition and treatment plan in simple terms to alleviate anxiety. Encourage family involvement and emotional support to help build confidence in recovery.

In daily life, maintain a regular routine, avoid excessive fatigue, choose light and easily digestible foods, take a gentle walk after meals to aid digestion, and maintain emotional stability to minimize emotional fluctuations that may stimulate the gallbladder.