What causes frequent stomach bloating and indigestion in early pregnancy, and what should be done about it?

During early pregnancy, frequent bloating and indigestion may be caused by hormonal changes, an improper diet, functional dyspepsia, gastritis, or gastroesophageal reflux. These symptoms can be improved through dietary adjustments, moderate physical activity, and medication. If bloating worsens and is accompanied by severe abdominal pain or vomiting, prompt medical attention is necessary.

1. Hormonal changes: Elevated estrogen and progesterone levels during pregnancy slow gastrointestinal motility, leading to food retention, bloating, and indigestion. It is recommended to eat small, frequent meals, choose easily digestible foods, and take a 10–15 minute walk after eating to promote gastrointestinal movement.

2. Improper diet: Excessive intake of greasy, spicy, or gas-producing foods increases the burden on the digestive system, causing bloating and indigestion. Reduce consumption of such foods, increase intake of light and easily digestible options like vegetables and porridge, and control portion sizes at each meal.

3. Functional dyspepsia: Gastrointestinal dysfunction during pregnancy—without organic disease—can cause bloating, indigestion, and post-meal fullness. Under medical guidance, medications such as *Bacillus subtilis* bifidus granules, compound digestive enzyme capsules, or vitamin B6 tablets may be used to relieve symptoms.

4. Gastritis: Infection with *Helicobacter pylori* before or during pregnancy, or irritation from diet, can cause gastric mucosal inflammation, resulting in bloating, indigestion, and dull stomach pain. Under medical supervision, medications such as hydrotalcite chewable tablets, lactasin tablets, or compound pepsin granules may help alleviate symptoms.

5. Gastroesophageal reflux: Slowed gastrointestinal motility and relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter during pregnancy allow stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus, causing bloating, indigestion, heartburn, and acid regurgitation. As directed by a doctor, medications such as aluminum hydroxide gel, multienzyme tablets, or sodium bicarbonate tablets may be used to improve symptoms.

Maintain regular meal times daily, avoid eating before bedtime, refrain from lying down immediately after meals, wear loose clothing to reduce abdominal pressure, and stay relaxed emotionally to ease discomfort.