What are the harms of autism and what preventive measures can be taken?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can lead to various impairments, including social dysfunction, delayed language development, cognitive deficits, abnormal emotional and behavioral patterns, and difficulties in independent living. Preventive measures include proper prenatal care, avoiding environmental risks, early screening and intervention, fostering a positive family environment, and close monitoring of child development. Comprehensive attention to prevention and intervention is essential. If a child shows signs such as social withdrawal or delayed speech, prompt medical evaluation is recommended.

I. Hazards of Autism

1. Social Dysfunction: Individuals with autism often struggle to establish normal social relationships. They may lack eye contact and empathy, fail to understand social cues, and remain isolated over long periods, significantly hindering their integration into society.

2. Delayed Language Development: Most individuals experience difficulties in language expression or comprehension,表现为 late talking, limited vocabulary, and disorganized communication. In severe cases, some may never develop functional speech, greatly impeding information exchange.

3. Impaired Cognitive Function: Deficits in attention, memory, and imagination are common. Affected individuals often struggle with abstract concepts, have reduced learning capacity, and face challenges adapting to school education and daily social life.

4. Emotional and Behavioral Abnormalities: Repetitive and stereotyped behaviors, impulsive or aggressive actions, and self-injurious behaviors may occur. They often experience significant mood swings and extreme sensitivity to environmental changes, posing safety risks to themselves and others.

5. Difficulties in Daily Living Skills: Many lack basic self-care abilities, such as dressing, eating, and personal hygiene, and are unable to independently manage daily tasks. This leads to long-term dependence on caregivers, increasing the burden on families and society.

II. Preventive Measures for Autism

1. Prenatal Care: Avoid viral infections, medication misuse, and exposure to toxic substances during pregnancy. Maintain balanced nutrition and attend regular prenatal checkups to reduce the risk of abnormal fetal brain development.

2. Minimize Environmental Risks: Limit infants’ exposure to heavy metals and chemical pollutants. Avoid prolonged stays in noisy or confined environments to provide a safe external environment for healthy brain development.

3. Early Screening and Intervention: Conduct regular developmental screenings for children, especially those under age 3. If abnormalities in social interaction or language are detected, initiate timely rehabilitation training to improve long-term outcomes.

4. Foster a Supportive Family Environment: Provide children with consistent companionship and affection. Encourage frequent parent-child interactions and verbal communication. Avoid overindulgence or neglect to support healthy emotional and social development.

5. Monitor Child Development Closely: Pay attention to developmental milestones in language, social skills, and cognition. If signs of delay appear, do not delay—seek professional medical assistance promptly.

In daily life, individuals with autism should be provided with structured environments, consistent routines, and scheduled activities. Personalized rehabilitation programs should be maintained, with patient guidance in developing social and life skills. At the same time, psychological support should be offered to family caregivers.