What is depression?

Depression is a common mood disorder characterized primarily by persistent low mood, reduced interest, and loss of pleasure. It is accompanied by symptoms such as cognitive decline and physical discomfort, and in severe cases may involve suicidal thoughts or behaviors—it is not simply a case of temporary sadness. If depressive symptoms persist for more than two weeks, it is recommended to seek medical evaluation promptly.

The causes of depression are complex and involve genetic factors, imbalances in neurotransmitters, and psychosocial stressors. Prolonged negative emotions or major life events may trigger the condition. Main symptoms include persistent low mood, loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, poor concentration, and self-criticism. Some patients may also experience physical symptoms such as fatigue and pain.

Treatment for depression typically involves a comprehensive approach, including psychotherapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy and supportive counseling, medication with antidepressants prescribed and monitored by a physician, and for severe cases, physical treatments such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Early detection and intervention significantly improve recovery rates.

In daily life, maintaining regular routines, engaging in moderate outdoor activities and social interactions are important. Family and friends should offer understanding and companionship, avoid hurtful comments, and help the individual develop a positive mindset, thereby gradually alleviating depressive symptoms.