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How long does it take for acute glaucoma to cause blindness?

Nov 17, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Wang Shuai
Introduction
During an acute glaucoma attack, intraocular pressure rises sharply (often exceeding 50 mmHg), rapidly compressing the optic nerve and causing ischemia and edema. If high intraocular pressure persists and remains uncontrolled, irreversible damage to the optic nerve can occur within a short period, leading to rapid vision loss; some patients may even lose light perception within days.

Under normal circumstances, if acute glaucoma is not treated promptly, it may lead to blindness within a few days to several weeks. The exact timeline depends on the degree of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, duration of high pressure, and the optic nerve's tolerance. If there is any suspicion, it is recommended to seek medical consultation as early as possible. Detailed analysis is as follows:

During an acute glaucoma attack, intraocular pressure rises sharply (often exceeding 50 mmHg), rapidly compressing the optic nerve and causing ischemia and swelling. If high IOP persists without control, irreversible damage to the optic nerve can occur in a short time, leading to rapid vision loss; some patients may lose light perception within days. If the IOP elevation is smaller but prolonged, optic nerve damage progresses gradually, potentially extending the timeline to blindness over several weeks—nonetheless, severe vision loss will eventually occur.

If prompt medical treatment is received after an acute glaucoma attack, rapidly lowering IOP through medications or surgery and maintaining pressure within a safe range can effectively protect the optic nerve, prevent further vision deterioration, and allow most patients to retain some level of vision, avoiding complete blindness. Even if treatment is delayed but IOP is eventually brought under control, although some optic nerve damage may have already occurred, further progression can be halted, preventing blindness. However, vision that has already been damaged is difficult to restore.

When typical symptoms of acute glaucoma appear—such as eye pain, headache, sudden vision loss, or seeing halos around lights—immediate emergency care at an ophthalmology department is essential. Delay must be avoided. Rapid IOP-lowering treatment is the key to preventing blindness. Additionally, regular follow-up examinations of IOP and optic nerve status are necessary to prevent recurrence.

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