What medication is effective for early-stage skin cancer?

Nov 19, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Liu Wenmin

Introduction

Effective medications for early-stage skin cancer generally include imiquimod cream, tretinoin cream, fluorouracil cream, calcipotriol ointment, and recombinant human interferon α2b ointment. Imiquimod cream works by activating the local immune response to target tumor cells, and is suitable for superficial basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis, and other early lesions; it should be applied according to the prescribed treatment course.

1. Imiquimod Cream: This medication works by activating local immune responses to target tumor cells and is suitable for superficial basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis in early stages. It should be applied according to a prescribed course. Some patients may experience redness, swelling, or itching at the application site, which typically resolves spontaneously.

2. Tretinoin Cream: This agent regulates skin cell differentiation and inhibits tumor cell proliferation, making it appropriate for early squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions. It should be used away from direct light. Consistent long-term use can improve lesion appearance and reduce the risk of progression. Patients with sensitive skin should start with lower application frequency to allow for adaptation.

3. Fluorouracil Cream: As an antimetabolite drug, it disrupts tumor cell DNA synthesis and is effective for superficial skin cancers and precancerous conditions. Application should precisely cover the affected area while avoiding healthy skin. Localized erosion and pain may occur but usually resolve gradually after discontinuation.

4. Calcipotriol Ointment: It functions by modulating immune response and cell proliferation, and is suitable for early basal cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions associated with psoriasis. Regular application is required. A minority of patients may experience local irritation. Combination with other medications should be discussed with a healthcare professional.

5. Recombinant Human Interferon α2b Ointment: Possessing antiviral and immunomodulatory effects, it is indicated for early skin cancers associated with viral infections or as adjuvant therapy post-surgery, helping reduce recurrence risk. It should be applied as directed. A mild burning sensation at the site may occasionally occur but generally does not interfere with continued use.

Treatment of early skin cancer must be conducted under medical supervision; self-medication without prescription is not recommended. If lesions fail to improve or show signs of spreading during treatment, the therapeutic plan should be promptly adjusted. In some cases, comprehensive treatments such as surgery or radiotherapy may be necessary.

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