How can teenage boys effectively treat acne?

Acne, commonly known as pimples, can be effectively treated in boys through topical medications, oral medications, physical therapies, lifestyle adjustments, and dietary improvements. The appropriate approach depends on the severity and type of acne. If acne covers a large area, frequently recurs, or develops into cysts or nodules, prompt medical attention is recommended.

1. Topical Medications: Commonly used agents include retinoids and benzoyl peroxide. Retinoids help regulate keratinization, while benzoyl peroxide kills Propionibacterium acnes, effectively improving mild to moderate acne. Consistent application is essential—avoid interrupting treatment.

2. Oral Medications: For moderate to severe acne, antibiotics or isotretinoin may be prescribed. Antibiotics reduce inflammation, while isotretinoin regulates sebum production. It is important to follow the prescribed course and not discontinue medication without medical advice.

3. Physical Therapies: These include red and blue light therapy and photodynamic therapy. Red and blue light helps kill bacteria and reduce inflammation, while photodynamic therapy is suitable for severe acne, particularly for patients who are intolerant to or unresponsive to medications.

4. Lifestyle Adjustments: Avoid staying up late and ensure adequate sleep; reduce mental stress; refrain from squeezing pimples to prevent infection and scarring; maintain clean skin to prevent excess oil buildup.

5. Dietary Improvements: Limit intake of high-sugar, high-fat, and dairy products, as these may stimulate sebum production and worsen acne. Increase consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins.

In daily skincare, use gentle facial cleansers to avoid over-cleansing and damaging the skin barrier. Choose lightweight, non-greasy moisturizing products and avoid oily cosmetics. Regular moderate exercise can enhance metabolism and support acne recovery.