What is a lamellar macular hole?

Generally, a lamellar macular hole refers to a partial defect in the neuroepithelial layer of the retina in the macular area that does not fully extend through to the retinal pigment epithelium, resulting in a localized fissure-like lesion. If there are any concerns, it is recommended to seek medical consultation promptly. Detailed analysis is as follows:

From the perspective of pathological features and symptoms, because the neuroepithelial layer is not completely ruptured in this type of hole, some tissue remains at the base of the裂孔, making the condition milder than a full-thickness macular hole. Patients may experience mild vision loss, metamorphopsia (distorted vision), or a central scotoma (dark spot in the visual field). Some patients have very mild symptoms that can only be detected through fundus examination; during daily visual activities, they might merely notice a slight decrease in visual clarity.

Regarding common affected populations and diagnosis/treatment, lamellar macular holes mostly occur in middle-aged and elderly individuals, and are sometimes associated with posterior vitreous detachment, macular traction, or ocular trauma. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine the extent and depth of the hole. Patients with stable conditions may be monitored regularly; however, if the hole progresses or vision continues to decline, surgical intervention should be considered to prevent further deterioration.

In daily life, it is important to avoid external impacts to the eye and minimize eye strain. Regular fundus examinations are recommended, especially for middle-aged and older adults or those with a history of eye diseases. Immediate medical evaluation is necessary if sudden vision loss or worsening visual distortion occurs, to avoid delaying timely intervention.