What type of lenses are used to correct myopia?

Commonly used eyeglasses for correcting myopia include single-vision framed glasses, defocus-adjusted framed glasses, progressive multifocal framed glasses, orthokeratology lenses, and peripheral defocus soft contact lenses. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Single-vision framed glasses: These lenses have a single refractive power that directly compensates for the eye's refractive error, allowing clear imaging on the retina. They are suitable for individuals with stable myopia who have no special visual demands. Easy to wear and simple to maintain, they represent a fundamental and common correction option.

2. Defocus-adjusted framed glasses: Featuring a special optical design, these glasses create a myopic defocus area in the peripheral retina, reducing hyperopic defocus in the retinal periphery—a known stimulus for axial elongation. This helps correct vision while also slowing the progression of myopia, making them ideal for individuals experiencing rapid increases in myopia.

3. Progressive multifocal framed glasses: The lens power gradually transitions from the upper distance-vision zone to the lower near-vision zone, enabling clear vision at far, intermediate, and near distances. This reduces the accommodative effort required for near tasks, alleviating eye strain. They are well-suited for people who frequently read, write, or use electronic devices.

4. Orthokeratology lenses: Worn overnight during sleep, these rigid gas-permeable lenses gently reshape the cornea’s anterior surface. After removal in the morning, clear vision is maintained throughout the day without needing glasses. Long-term use can effectively slow the progression of myopia, making them suitable for individuals with rapidly progressing myopia or those who prefer not to wear glasses during the day.

5. Peripheral defocus soft contact lenses: Worn during the day, these soft lenses utilize a peripheral defocus optical design. While correcting central vision, they ensure peripheral images focus in front of the retina, thereby inhibiting excessive axial elongation. With high wearing comfort, they are ideal for individuals who cannot tolerate orthokeratology lenses or prefer daytime lens wear.

Prior to selecting any corrective lenses, a comprehensive eye examination at a qualified medical institution is essential to determine accurate parameters such as refractive error and axial length. Regular follow-up visits are necessary after fitting to monitor changes in vision and adjust the correction plan accordingly. Additionally, maintaining healthy visual habits—such as limiting prolonged near-work, taking regular breaks, and increasing outdoor activities—can help sustain the effectiveness of myopia correction.