Is there a relationship between schizophrenia and intelligence quotient (IQ)?

Generally, the relationship between schizophrenia and intelligence quotient (IQ) should be analyzed according to specific circumstances. Whether there is an association and its extent are influenced by various factors, as detailed below:

When schizophrenia is detected early, treated promptly and appropriately, symptoms are stably controlled, and no long-term severe cognitive impairment occurs, there is typically no significant direct correlation between schizophrenia and IQ. Most patients have normal IQ levels before the onset of illness. If basic cognitive functions can be maintained after onset, continuous treatment and rehabilitation training may help keep IQ levels stable, allowing individuals to engage in daily learning and simple work.

If the illness recurs frequently, remains inadequately controlled over a long period, or is accompanied by severe cognitive dysfunction, schizophrenia may indirectly affect IQ performance. Persistent hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking can interfere with attention, learning, and memory abilities, leading to declines in problem-solving and logical reasoning skills, which may result in lower scores on IQ assessments.

To accurately evaluate the relationship between schizophrenia and IQ, comprehensive assessment and diagnosis under the guidance of a qualified physician are recommended. Meanwhile, active treatment and rehabilitation should be provided for individuals with schizophrenia to improve their cognitive and social functioning.