How to tell if a burn is infected

After a burn injury, signs of infection are mainly determined by increased redness and swelling at the wound site, abnormal exudate, presence of purulent discharge, elevated local temperature, and accompanying systemic symptoms. The appearance of these conditions indicates a potential risk of infection. If signs of infection are evident or progressively worsening, prompt medical attention is recommended for proper management.

1. Worsening redness and swelling: Expansion of redness and swelling beyond the original burn area, persistent or progressively intensifying inflammation, and significantly increased pain upon pressure may indicate inflammatory spread due to infection.

2. Abnormal exudate: Increased wound exudate that becomes cloudy instead of clear, or exudate that continues for more than three days without reduction, suggests a possible infection at the wound site.

3. Presence of purulent discharge: Appearance of yellow, green, or yellow-green pus on the wound surface, often accompanied by a noticeable odor, is a typical sign of burn infection, commonly caused by bacterial proliferation.

4. Elevated local temperature: The infected area feels significantly warmer than surrounding healthy skin upon touch, with possible accompanying swelling and hardening of tissues around the wound.

5. Systemic symptoms: Development of fever, chills, fatigue, and loss of appetite indicates systemic involvement. These symptoms are particularly concerning in children or individuals with large burn areas, as they may signal worsening infection requiring immediate attention.

To reduce the risk of infection and promote healing, keep the burn wound clean and dry, strictly follow sterile dressing change procedures, avoid contact with water and scratching, and maintain a nutritious diet rich in protein and vitamins while minimizing spicy or irritating foods.