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What should I do if I get burned?

Nov 25, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
After a burn injury, immediately take the following steps: remove the source of heat, rinse the affected area with cool water, clean the wound, properly dress it, and monitor for any complications. These measures help quickly alleviate damage and prevent further complications. If the burn covers a large area, is deep, or involves critical areas such as the head, face, neck, or airway, seek immediate medical attention. Quickly move away from the source of the burn to avoid prolonged exposure and worsening injury.

Immediately after a burn injury, it is essential to take prompt actions such as removing the heat source, rinsing with cool water, cleaning the wound, properly dressing the burn, and monitoring the patient’s condition to quickly alleviate damage and prevent complications. If the burn covers a large area, is deep, or affects critical areas such as the head, face, neck, or respiratory tract, seek immediate medical attention.

1. Remove from heat source: Quickly move away from the source of heat to avoid prolonged exposure that could worsen the injury. Immediately remove clothing soaked with hot liquid; if the fabric adheres to the skin, do not forcibly peel it off—carefully cut it away with scissors.

2. Rinse with cool water: Flush the affected area with clean, running cool water for 15–30 minutes to reduce skin temperature and minimize tissue damage. Maintain water temperature between 15–25°C. Avoid applying ice directly to the burn, as this may cause further tissue injury.

3. Clean the wound: After rinsing, gently pat the burn dry using a clean, soft gauze or towel to remove moisture and surface contaminants. Do not rub or wipe the wound to prevent skin breakdown and potential infection.

4. Proper wound dressing: For superficial burns, apply sterile burn ointment and cover the area lightly with sterile gauze. Avoid wrapping too tightly to prevent impaired blood circulation. For deep burns, do not apply any medication yourself—simply cover the area with clean gauze until medical help is available.

5. Monitor the condition: Closely observe changes in the wound and the patient's overall health. Watch for signs such as spreading redness or swelling, increased pain, or fever. Record the time, size, and location of the burn to provide useful information for medical professionals.

In daily life, keep hot water and heat sources out of children's reach. After a burn, keep the wound clean, dry, and well-ventilated—avoid contact with water and friction. Maintain a light diet rich in protein and vitamins to support wound healing.

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