What are the serious adverse reactions?
Nov 25, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Wang Lei
Introduction
In general, serious adverse reactions mainly include anaphylactic shock, severe rashes, organ dysfunction, respiratory depression, and circulatory failure. If such reactions occur, the suspected cause should be discontinued immediately and emergency medical care sought. After taking medication or exposure to a suspected substance, pay attention to bodily responses; discontinue use immediately and record the trigger if any discomfort occurs. It is important to be aware of one's own allergy history in daily life.
Generally, severe adverse reactions mainly include anaphylactic shock, severe rashes, organ dysfunction, respiratory depression, and circulatory failure. If such reactions occur, the suspected cause should be immediately discontinued and emergency medical treatment sought. Specific details are as follows:
1. Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic shock is a rapid systemic immune response triggered by exposure to an allergen, causing blood vessel dilation and a sudden drop in blood pressure. Patients may develop laryngeal edema, difficulty breathing, palpitations, and loss of consciousness. Without prompt rescue, it can be life-threatening.
2. Severe Rashes
These are often caused by drug exposure or allergens, leading to widespread redness and blisters on the skin and mucous membranes, accompanied by intense itching or pain. In some patients, rashes may coalesce into large areas with epidermal detachment, increasing the risk of secondary infection.
3. Organ Dysfunction
Toxic substances or immune responses may attack organs such as the liver and kidneys, resulting in impaired function. Liver damage manifests as jaundice and abdominal pain, while kidney injury presents with reduced urine output and hematuria. Laboratory tests are required to assess the extent of organ damage.
4. Respiratory Depression
Caused by central nervous system suppression or airway obstruction, respiratory depression is characterized by slowed breathing rate and shallow breaths, along with chest tightness and cyanosis. In severe cases, breathing may stop entirely, requiring immediate emergency interventions such as artificial respiration.
5. Circulatory Failure
This results from decreased cardiac pumping function or dysregulation of vascular tone, manifesting as low blood pressure, cold and clammy extremities, and weak pulse. Patients may experience dizziness and confusion; if not corrected promptly, it can lead to ischemia and hypoxia throughout the body.
After taking medications or being exposed to potentially harmful substances, individuals should closely monitor their physical responses. If any discomfort occurs, discontinue use immediately and record the potential trigger. It is important to know one's own allergy history and inform healthcare providers proactively during medical visits. In the event of a severe adverse reaction, do not attempt self-treatment—immediately call emergency services and ensure the patient’s airway remains clear during transport.
