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Can laryngoscopy differentiate between a cyst and cancer?

Nov 27, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lu Cheng
Introduction
If the cyst and cancer have typical appearance features—for example, the cyst appears transparent or translucent, smooth-surfaced and sac-like, while the carcinoma lesion often presents as cauliflower-like or ulcerative with a fragile texture that bleeds easily—then laryngoscopy can be used to initially determine the nature of the lesion by observing differences in morphology, color, and texture. This provides guidance for further examinations and helps doctors formulate a preliminary diagnostic and treatment strategy.

Under normal circumstances, laryngoscopy can initially differentiate typical cysts from cancer. However, it is difficult to accurately identify atypical lesions, which require additional examinations for a definitive diagnosis. If there is any concern, early medical consultation is recommended. Detailed analysis is as follows:

If the cyst or cancer exhibits typical visual features—such as a cyst appearing transparent or translucent, with a smooth surface, while cancerous lesions often present as cauliflower-like or ulcerative growths that are fragile and prone to bleeding—laryngoscopy can help preliminarily determine the nature of the lesion by observing differences in morphology, color, and texture. This provides guidance for further evaluations and assists doctors in formulating an initial diagnostic and treatment plan.

However, when lesions appear atypical—for example, if a cyst becomes infected and develops a rough surface, or if an early cancer lesion resembles a benign condition—it may be difficult to distinguish between them based solely on laryngoscopic observation, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. In such cases, tissue samples must be obtained under laryngoscopic guidance for pathological examination. Only through microscopic analysis of cellular morphology can a definitive distinction between cyst and cancer be made, ensuring diagnostic accuracy.

Upon detection of a lesion in the throat or larynx, patients should cooperate with their doctor to complete laryngoscopy and any necessary follow-up tests. Self-medication based solely on preliminary laryngoscopic findings should be avoided. If pathology confirms a diagnosis, timely treatment according to the doctor's recommendations is essential to prevent disease progression and adverse outcomes.

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