What causes sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes?

Generally, sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes may be caused by dust irritation, sudden temperature changes, allergic rhinitis, acute rhinitis, or allergic conjunctivitis. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation and treatment at a正规 hospital. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Dust irritation: Inhaling dust, catkins, or other foreign substances can irritate the nasal cavity and conjunctival mucosa, triggering defensive sneezing. Increased mucosal secretions lead to runny nose and itchy eyes. Immediately leave the polluted environment, rinse the nasal cavity with normal saline, clean the eyes with water, and wear a mask and protective goggles when going outdoors.

2. Sudden temperature change: Abrupt exposure to alternating cold and hot environments can cause abnormal constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the nasal cavity, increasing mucosal sensitivity and resulting in symptoms. The conjunctiva may also become itchy due to temperature fluctuations. Gradually adapt to environmental temperature changes, apply warm towels to the nose and eyes, and avoid frequently entering or leaving places with large temperature differences.

3. Allergic rhinitis: Exposure to allergens such as pollen or house dust mites activates the immune system, leading to histamine release, which stimulates the nasal mucosa and causes symptoms, often accompanied by nasal itching. Medications such as cetirizine hydrochloride tablets, budesonide nasal spray, or montelukast sodium chewable tablets may be used under medical guidance. Once identified, avoid contact with known allergens.

4. Acute rhinitis: Viral infection causes acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa, resulting in mucosal congestion and edema that leads to nasal obstruction. Secretions increase and appear watery; inflammation may spread to the eyes. Under medical supervision, medications such as ribavirin granules, acetaminophen-phenylephrine-dextromethorphan tablets, or赛洛唑啉hydrochloride nasal drops may be taken. Drink plenty of warm water to promote metabolism.

5. Allergic conjunctivitis: Allergens stimulate the conjunctiva, causing inflammation and eye itching. Inflammatory factors may spread and trigger nasal symptoms. Treatments include emedastine difumarate eye drops, sodium cromoglycate eye drops, or loratadine capsules, used under medical advice. Avoid rubbing the eyes and maintain good ocular hygiene.

In daily life, regularly clean indoor environments to reduce allergens; adjust clothing promptly according to temperature changes; engage in regular exercise to enhance immunity; and seek medical care promptly when symptoms occur—avoid self-medicating, which could worsen the condition.