What is Wilson's disease?

Dec 01, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Gao Jun

Introduction

Hepatolenticular degeneration, commonly known as Wilson's disease, is a genetic disorder caused by impaired copper metabolism. Management should focus on controlling copper levels. It is essential to strictly limit high-copper foods in the diet, such as animal offal, nuts, shellfish, and other seafood, and instead choose low-copper ingredients. Patients must take prescribed copper-chelating medications as directed and must not discontinue or adjust the dosage without medical guidance.

Wilson's disease, commonly known as hepatolenticular degeneration, is a genetic disorder caused by impaired copper metabolism. The detailed analysis is as follows:

Wilson's disease is a condition resulting from inherited defects in copper metabolism. Genetic mutations impair the liver’s ability to properly excrete copper, leading to excessive accumulation of copper ions in organs such as the liver, brain, and kidneys, gradually damaging cellular functions. Early symptoms often involve liver abnormalities, such as fatigue and jaundice. As the disease progresses, neurological symptoms like limb tremors and slurred speech may appear. If left untreated, it can become life-threatening. However, early intervention can effectively control disease progression.

Management focuses on reducing copper levels. Diet should strictly limit high-copper foods, including animal organs, nuts, shellfish, and other seafood, while favoring low-copper alternatives. Patients must take prescribed copper-chelating medications as directed and must not discontinue or adjust dosages without medical guidance. Regular monitoring of copper levels and liver and kidney function is essential to allow timely adjustments to treatment. Maintaining a regular lifestyle, avoiding excessive fatigue that burdens the liver, and keeping emotional stability are also important. A healthy overall state helps maintain bodily functions and reduces the risk of complications.

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Can people with liver damage receive the COVID-19 vaccine?

In general, whether patients with liver injury can receive the COVID-19 vaccine depends on the severity of their condition. Those with mild, stable liver injury can usually be vaccinated, whereas individuals with moderate to severe or acute-phase liver injury are not advised to get vaccinated immediately. Patients with liver injury should strictly follow medical advice regarding medication and avoid taking drugs that are hepatotoxic. They should maintain a light and balanced diet, reducing intake of greasy foods.

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Can I take Compound Paracetamol and Dextromethorphan Syrup when my temperature is 38°C?

If the body temperature is 38°C without any cold symptoms, or if the fever is caused by other conditions such as bacterial infection (e.g., pneumonia) or autoimmune diseases, or if the patient has severe underlying diseases such as liver or kidney dysfunction or glaucoma, this medication is not recommended. Taking the drug in these situations will not address the underlying cause, may mask the true condition with its active ingredients, delay diagnosis, or exacerbate the burden on pre-existing medical conditions.