How to test for sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS
Dec 03, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
The main methods for testing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV include blood tests, secretion tests, urine tests, physical examinations, nucleic acid testing, and others. Different diseases require specific testing methods, which should be selected based on exposure history and symptoms. If you have engaged in high-risk behaviors or experience suspected symptoms, it is recommended to promptly seek standardized testing at a qualified medical institution. Venous blood is drawn to test for pathogen antibodies or antigens, which is suitable
Common methods for testing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV include blood tests, secretion tests, urine tests, physical examinations, and nucleic acid testing. Different diseases require specific testing methods, which should be selected based on exposure history and symptoms. If you have engaged in high-risk behaviors or experience suspicious symptoms, it is recommended to promptly seek standardized testing at a qualified medical institution.
1. Blood Testing: Involves drawing venous blood to detect pathogen antigens or antibodies. This method is suitable for diagnosing HIV, syphilis, and similar conditions, helping to screen for infection status. Some tests require retesting after the window period to ensure accuracy. Fasting is generally not required before testing.
2. Secretion Testing: Involves collecting secretions from sites such as the urethra or cervix, followed by smear examination or culture to identify pathogens like gonococcus and chlamydia. Men should refrain from urinating for one hour prior to sampling; women should avoid testing during menstruation.
3. Urine Testing: Requires collection of first-morning midstream urine for nucleic acid detection, primarily used for infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. It is non-invasive and convenient. Avoid urination for at least 2 hours before sample collection. This method can assist in diagnosing urogenital STIs.
4. Physical Examination: A healthcare provider performs visual inspection and palpation of the genital and anal areas to check for abnormalities such as rashes, ulcers, or growths. This provides preliminary diagnostic clues for conditions like genital warts and genital herpes.
5. Nucleic Acid Testing: Uses PCR technology to detect pathogen genetic material. It offers high sensitivity, enabling early detection of viruses such as HIV and HPV. It can also measure viral load, providing valuable information for monitoring treatment effectiveness.
Prior to testing, avoid alcohol consumption and strenuous exercise, and honestly inform your doctor about any high-risk behaviors or symptoms. After sample collection, maintain good hygiene at the sampling site to prevent infection. During the waiting period for results, maintain regular sleep patterns and minimize anxiety. Test results should be interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional.
