How to Test for HIV/AIDS
May 26, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Feng
Introduction
In general, HIV can be detected through methods such as antibody testing, antigen/antibody combination testing, nucleic acid testing, routine blood tests, and imaging examinations. If HIV-related symptoms appear, testing should be conducted at a professional medical institution to ensure accuracy, and follow-up confirmatory tests or treatment should be carried out under medical guidance.
Generally, HIV can be detected through methods such as antibody testing, antigen/antibody combination testing, nucleic acid testing, routine blood tests, and imaging examinations. Detailed analysis is as follows:
Antibodies to HIV in blood or oral mucosal fluid are tested to determine whether infection exists. Most rapid tests and home HIV self-testing kits belong to antibody testing.
2. Antigen/Antibody Combination Testing
This test simultaneously detects HIV antigens and antibodies, enabling earlier detection of infection, usually within a few weeks after infection.
3. Nucleic Acid Testing
This method directly detects viral RNA or DNA and is the most sensitive testing method. It can detect infection very early but is more expensive. It is usually used to confirm diagnosis or monitor viral load.
4. Routine Blood Test
This test clarifies the status of blood cells, including red blood cells and white blood cells, assisting in determining whether an infection exists. Routine blood tests can indicate conditions such as anemia or reduced white blood cell count.
5. Imaging Examinations
Imaging tests, such as those for Pneumocystis pneumonia, can assist in diagnosing complications in infected patients. Electrocardiograms (ECG), cardiac ultrasound, and abdominal ultrasound help provide a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's overall condition.
It is recommended that testing be conducted at professional medical institutions to ensure accuracy, and follow-up confirmatory tests or treatment should be carried out according to medical advice.
