Which has a greater impact on pregnancy: cytomegalovirus IgM or IgG?

Dec 03, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhang Lu

Introduction

Cytomegalovirus IgM has a greater impact on pregnancy, whereas IgG usually does not directly affect pregnancy and may instead provide immune protection. A positive IgM indicates recent or active infection, which could pose risks to the fetus; a positive IgG is typically an immunological marker of past infection. If IgM is positive during preconception or pregnancy, especially when accompanied by symptoms such as fever and fatigue,

　　Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM has a greater impact on pregnancy, while IgG usually does not directly affect pregnancy and may instead provide immune protection. A positive IgM indicates a recent or active infection, which could pose risks to the fetus; in contrast, a positive IgG typically reflects a past infection and serves as an immunological marker. If IgM is detected as positive during preconception or pregnancy, especially when accompanied by symptoms such as fever or fatigue, prompt medical evaluation is recommended.

　　IgM is an early antibody produced after infection, and its presence suggests a recent infection or viral activity. Infection during pregnancy—especially in the first trimester—may allow the virus to cross the placenta and infect the fetus, increasing the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, fetal malformations, and growth retardation. Further testing for viral load is necessary to confirm the infection status.

　　A positive IgG indicates prior CMV infection and the development of immunity, posing minimal direct risk to the fetus. However, due to decreased immunity during pregnancy, viral reactivation may occur. A significant rise in IgG levels warrants attention for possible reinfection, although the associated risks are much lower than those of primary infection indicated by IgM positivity.

　　Antibody screening for CMV should be completed before conception. If IgM is positive, it is advisable to wait until it turns negative before attempting pregnancy. During pregnancy, maintaining regular sleep patterns, balanced nutrition, and moderate exercise can help strengthen immunity. Avoid exposure to potential infection sources such as young children's bodily secretions, and attend routine prenatal checkups to monitor antibody changes.

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