What causes right lung nodules, pulmonary bullae, and right-sided chest pain?

Right lung nodules and pulmonary bullae accompanied by right-sided chest pain are often caused by rupture of the bullae, compression of surrounding tissues by nodules, or associated inflammation. In a minority of cases, they may signal malignant transformation of the nodule, necessitating immediate medical evaluation to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Pulmonary bullae are air-filled cavities formed by the rupture and fusion of alveolar walls in localized areas of lung tissue. When a bulla is large or ruptures, it can irritate the pleura and cause chest pain. If rupture leads to pneumothorax, the pain worsens and is accompanied by shortness of breath. Inflammatory lung nodules can also cause pain through pleural infiltration by inflammation.

Malignant nodules may cause persistent chest pain when they invade the pleura or surrounding tissues. Imaging studies and pathological biopsy are required to determine the nature of the nodule. Treatment for inflammatory nodules primarily involves anti-infective therapy, while malignant nodules require surgical removal. Bullae that have ruptured or are very large may need surgical repair.

In daily life, avoid activities that increase intrathoracic pressure—such as severe coughing or straining during bowel movements—choose mild forms of exercise, maintain good indoor ventilation, avoid tobacco smoke and dust exposure, follow a light and easily digestible diet rich in high-quality protein and vitamins, maintain regular sleep patterns to prevent fatigue, reduce the risk of respiratory infections, and alleviate chest discomfort.