What causes pulmonary bullae, and can they be cured?

In general, pulmonary bullae are caused by factors such as congenital developmental abnormalities, flat chest (pectus platycarina), bronchitis, emphysema, and tuberculosis. If any of the above conditions occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical treatment. Whether pulmonary bullae can be cured depends on the individual patient's specific condition, with detailed analysis as follows:

I. Causes

1. Congenital developmental abnormalities
Abnormal lung tissue development during the embryonic stage leads to structural abnormalities in the alveoli, making them prone to forming pulmonary bullae. It is recommended to consult a specialist to evaluate the severity and consider lung volume reduction surgery.

2. Flat chest
Abnormal thoracic cage shape restricts lung development, increasing the risk of pulmonary bulla formation. Surgical treatment should be discussed with a qualified physician.

3. Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi causes mucosal congestion and edema, leading to increased pressure within the alveolar spaces and subsequent formation of bullae. Symptoms may include coughing and sputum production. Medications such as levofloxacin hydrochloride tablets, clarithromycin sustained-release tablets, and salbutamol sulfate tablets may be used under medical guidance.

4. Emphysema
Weakened elasticity of lung tissue results in overinflation and expansion of alveoli, causing alveolar wall rupture and fusion, which leads to bulla formation. Symptoms may include fatigue and decreased appetite. Treatment may involve roxithromycin dispersible tablets, clarithromycin sustained-release tablets, and bambuterol hydrochloride tablets as prescribed.

5. Tuberculosis
Infection of the lungs by Mycobacterium tuberculosis damages lung tissue and destroys alveolar walls, resulting in bulla formation. Symptoms may include hemoptysis (coughing up blood) and chest pain. Treatment requires anti-tuberculosis medications such as isoniazid tablets, rifampicin capsules, and pyrazinamide tablets, taken as directed by a physician.

II. Possibility of Cure

1. Possible
If the pulmonary bullae are small in size, few in number, and have not caused severe symptoms or complications, timely medical interventions—such as medication, physical therapy, or surgery—may lead to recovery.

2. Not likely
If the condition is severe, with numerous or large bullae, or accompanied by serious complications such as pneumothorax or respiratory failure, treatment becomes significantly more difficult, and complete cure is less likely.

To prevent pulmonary bullae, individuals should maintain a healthy lifestyle, avoid strenuous exercise and excessive fatigue, practice good breathing habits, and undergo regular health check-ups to detect and manage potential respiratory issues early.