What diseases can be diagnosed by measuring serum folate and vitamin B12 levels?
Dec 10, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Li Feng
Introduction
Serum folate and vitamin B12 measurements can assist in the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia, neurological disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic abnormalities, and screening for malignancies. Abnormal test results require prompt medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause. Deficiency of folate or vitamin B12 can lead to impaired red blood cell production, manifesting as macrocytic anemia.
Serum folic acid and vitamin B12 testing can assist in the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia, neurological disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic abnormalities, and screening for certain malignancies. Abnormal test results should prompt timely medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause.
1. Megaloblastic Anemia: Deficiency in folic acid or vitamin B12 impairs red blood cell production, leading to macrocytic anemia. Testing helps identify the specific deficiency and guides appropriate treatment.
2. Neurological Disorders: Vitamin B12 deficiency can damage peripheral and central nerves, causing symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and abnormal sensations in hands and feet. Testing aids in diagnosing related neuropathies.
3. Gastrointestinal Diseases: The absorption of folic acid and vitamin B12 depends on normal gastrointestinal function. Gastrointestinal disorders may impair absorption, and test results can help assess gastrointestinal absorptive capacity.
4. Metabolic Disorders: Both nutrients play key roles in human metabolism. Abnormal levels may indicate metabolic disturbances and assist in evaluating related metabolic diseases.
5. Cancer Screening: Certain malignant tumors can affect the absorption or increase the consumption of folic acid and vitamin B12. Test results may serve as an auxiliary reference in cancer screening.
Maintaining a balanced diet with adequate intake of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in folic acid, and foods rich in vitamin B12 such as meat and eggs, along with regular sleep patterns to reduce the risk of metabolic disorders, is recommended. High-risk individuals should follow medical advice for regular monitoring to maintain nutritional balance.
