How to Interpret a Female Vaginoscopy Report
Jan 11, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lv Aiming
Introduction
Under microscopic examination, the morphology of processed vaginal discharge can reveal the presence or absence of trichomonads or fungi. If trichomonads or fungi are detected, the laboratory report will indicate this with a “+” symbol. This “+” sign merely indicates the presence of trichomonads or fungal infection and does not reflect the severity of the infection.
Routine gynecological examinations for women primarily assess the breasts, vaginal cavity, uterus, adnexa (ovaries and fallopian tubes), and pelvic structures. Whether a woman has gynecological inflammation can be determined from her vaginal examination report. But how should one interpret a vaginal wet-mount microscopy report? This test identifies the presence of bacteria within the vagina and measures the pH (acidity/alkalinity) of vaginal secretions. Below is a detailed explanation of key components in a vaginal wet-mount microscopy report.
How to Interpret a Vaginal Wet-Mount Microscopy Report
• pH Value: Reflects the acidity or alkalinity of vaginal secretions. The normal vaginal pH is approximately 4.5. In cases of trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis, the pH rises—often exceeding 5.0–6.0.
Cleanliness Grade
• Grade I: Microscopic examination reveals abundant vaginal epithelial cells and numerous Lactobacillus (vaginal bacilli).
• Grade II: Microscopy shows vaginal epithelial cells, a small number of white blood cells, some Lactobacillus, and possibly a few miscellaneous bacteria or pus cells.
• Grade III: Microscopy reveals few Lactobacillus, but abundant pus cells and miscellaneous bacteria.
• Grade IV: No Lactobacillus are observed; instead, the field is dominated by pus cells and miscellaneous bacteria, with only a few epithelial cells present.
In general, Grades I–II indicate normal vaginal flora, whereas Grades III–IV suggest abnormal vaginal discharge and possible vaginal inflammation.
Detection of Yeast (Candida) and Trichomonas
Under the microscope, processed vaginal discharge specimens are examined for characteristic morphologies of Trichomonas vaginalis or fungal hyphae/spores (e.g., Candida). If either organism is detected, the lab report typically marks it with a “+” symbol. Note that this “+” indicates only the presence—not the severity—of infection.
Most laboratory reports include reference (normal) value ranges. By comparing your test results against these standards, you can preliminarily assess whether abnormalities exist. However, even if you understand the report, always consult your physician for professional interpretation and clinical evaluation.
