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How is coronary artery plaque treated?

Feb 23, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Aifen
Introduction
1. Control of risk factors: For example, patients with hypertension require antihypertensive therapy; those with hyperglycemia need glycemic control; and those with hyperlipidemia require lipid-lowering treatment. 2. Pharmacotherapy: If symptoms are mild, patients may take statins orally under the guidance of a physician. 3. Surgical intervention: Indicated for patients with severe symptoms that cannot be adequately controlled with medication.

Coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques are deposits that form within the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart. Conditions such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or hyperglycemia may contribute to their development. So, how are coronary artery plaques treated? The following section addresses this question.

How Are Coronary Artery Plaques Treated?

Coronary artery plaques result from atherosclerosis—a progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup. Unstable plaques may rupture, leading to acute vessel occlusion and potentially life-threatening events such as myocardial infarction. Treatment strategies include controlling risk factors, pharmacotherapy, and surgical intervention.

1. Risk Factor Management: Hypertensive patients require antihypertensive therapy; individuals with hyperglycemia need strict glycemic control; those with hyperlipidemia should undergo lipid-lowering treatment; smokers must quit smoking; and overweight or obese individuals should aim for weight reduction. Adopting a healthier lifestyle—including balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and stress management—also helps mitigate key risk factors contributing to coronary plaque formation.

2. Pharmacotherapy: For patients with mild symptoms, oral medications may be prescribed under physician supervision. Statins—such as atorvastatin calcium tablets, rosuvastatin calcium tablets, or pitavastatin calcium tablets—are commonly used to lower cholesterol and stabilize plaques. Vasodilators—including nitroglycerin tablets and nicorandil tablets—may be administered to improve coronary blood flow. Antiplatelet agents like enteric-coated aspirin tablets are also frequently prescribed to reduce thrombotic risk.

3. Surgical Intervention: In cases of severe symptoms unresponsive to medical therapy, invasive procedures may be necessary. These include percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), both performed by experienced interventional cardiologists or cardiac surgeons.

The above outlines current approaches to treating coronary artery plaques. We hope this information is helpful to you.

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