Efficacy and Effects of Steroid Hormones

Corticosteroid hormones belong to a class of lipid-derived hormones characterized by a cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring structure. What are the effects and functions of corticosteroid hormones?

Effects and Functions of Corticosteroid Hormones

Corticosteroid hormones exert anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects primarily by modulating glucose metabolism. Clinically, they are commonly used to treat allergic disorders such as dermatitis, eczema, and allergic bronchial asthma. They may also be employed in managing conditions affecting both males and females, including menstrual disorders, menopausal syndrome, and threatened abortion.

Corticosteroid hormones can be broadly classified into two major categories: adrenal cortical hormones and sex hormones. Adrenal cortical hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex. Sex hormones—also steroid hormones—are further divided into androgens and estrogens. In contrast, epinephrine (adrenaline) is the principal hormone produced by the adrenal medulla and is chemically distinct from steroid hormones. Examples of corticosteroid hormones include androgens, estrogens, progestogens, adrenal cortical hormones, anti-estrogens, anti-progestogens, and nonsteroidal estrogens.

Note that corticosteroid hormones are prescription-only medications and must not be used for bodybuilding or athletic performance enhancement. Prolonged use may lead to adverse effects such as acne, hirsutism, osteoporosis, and avascular necrosis. Gastrointestinal complications—including gastric bleeding and gastric perforation—may also occur. Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, or cataracts should avoid using these agents. We hope this information has been helpful to you.