How to Measure Hypoglycemia
May 25, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Pan Yongyuan
Introduction
Hypoglycemia diagnosis requires a complete blood count (CBC), biochemical tests, and plasma insulin measurement. After the patient visits the hospital for evaluation, a 48- to 72-hour fasting test is also necessary. Blood glucose should be measured when the patient develops symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, sweating, or fatigue. If blood glucose falls below 2.8 mmol/L, the diagnosis of hypoglycemia is confirmed, and further investigation into the underlying cause is required.
Modern life is fraught with stress and irregular eating habits, leading many people to develop hypoglycemia—yet few understand how it is diagnosed. So, how is hypoglycemia detected?
How Is Hypoglycemia Diagnosed?
Diagnosing hypoglycemia involves routine blood tests and biochemical assays, as well as plasma insulin measurement. After initial hospital evaluation, patients typically undergo a 48- to 72-hour fasting test. When symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, sweating, or fatigue appear, blood glucose levels are measured. A glucose level below 2.8 mmol/L generally confirms the diagnosis of hypoglycemia. Once confirmed, further investigation is required to identify the underlying cause.
The primary causes of hypoglycemia fall into two main categories. First, excessive insulin secretion—most commonly due to insulinoma (a pancreatic islet cell tumor) or inappropriate insulin secretion in early-stage type 2 diabetes. Second, hypoglycemia resulting from glucocorticoid deficiency—most frequently associated with hypopituitarism, primary adrenal insufficiency, or growth hormone deficiency, all of which lead to reduced cortisol levels.
When someone suddenly experiences hypoglycemic symptoms, placing a piece of sugar under the tongue can provide immediate symptomatic relief. If food is available, consuming easily digestible carbohydrates—such as fruit juice or crackers—is recommended, as these rapidly elevate blood glucose and alleviate hypoglycemia. In severe cases, patients may become disoriented or suddenly lose consciousness. In such instances, family members should promptly transport the patient to a hospital for emergency treatment—or administer intravenous glucose solution immediately to restore consciousness. We hope this information proves helpful!
