Can men with varicocele of the spermatic cord undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

Varicocele of the testicular spermatic cord can be treated with in vitro fertilization (IVF). The spermatic cord veins collect blood from the testes and epididymis and return it to the heart. When varicocele occurs, the blood reflux function is impaired, causing blood and metabolic byproducts to accumulate in the testicular area, altering the testicular microenvironment and leading to certain symptoms. The main symptoms include scrotal swelling and pain after physical activity. Severe and long-standing varicocele may significantly impair sperm quality, resulting in low sperm count, poor sperm motility, and increased numbers of dead sperm. In such cases, patients meet the criteria for IVF and can undergo in vitro fertilization.