What are the symptoms of HPV infection?

After contracting HPV (human papillomavirus), symptoms vary depending on the type of infection and individual differences. Low-risk HPV infections commonly manifest as wart-like growths in the genital or perianal areas, which may appear cauliflower-like, cockscomb-like, or papillary, sometimes accompanied by itching or mild pain. High-risk HPV infections may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages, but as the condition progresses, symptoms such as contact bleeding (e.g., post-coital bleeding) or abnormal vaginal discharge—such as increased volume, yellowish color, foul odor, or even blood-tinged discharge—may occur. Persistent high-risk HPV infection can lead to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer. Early detection and prompt treatment of HPV infection, especially high-risk types, are essential, along with regular cervical cancer screening.