What is uterine leiomyoma?

Uterine leiomyoma, commonly known as uterine fibroid, is the most common benign tumor of the female reproductive organs. The exact cause of uterine fibroids remains unclear, but it may be related to genetic factors and sex hormone levels. Most uterine fibroids are asymptomatic and are incidentally discovered during routine physical examinations. Symptomatic cases mainly present with menstrual abnormalities (such as increased menstrual bleeding and prolonged periods), abdominal discomfort (such as pelvic pain or pressure), and abnormal vaginal discharge. Based on location, fibroids are classified as corpus fibroids and cervical fibroids. According to their relationship with the uterine wall, they are categorized as intramural, subserosal, and submucosal fibroids. Treatment options include conservative management, pharmacological therapy, and surgical intervention, depending on the size, location of the fibroid, and the patient's symptoms.