Causes of lymph node enlargement in children

There are various causes of lymph node enlargement in children, mainly including:

1. Infection: Local or systemic infections such as colds, tonsillitis, and periodontitis may trigger the lymph nodes' defense mechanisms, leading to swelling and pain. Both bacterial and viral infections can be potential causes.

2. Trauma: Due to their active nature, children may experience soft tissue contusions or muscle strains from injuries, which could lead to lymphadenitis and subsequent lymph node enlargement.

3. Tuberculosis: When children develop tuberculosis lesions, Mycobacterium tuberculosis may induce lymph node enlargement, as seen in pulmonary tuberculosis.

4. Reactive hyperplasia: After various injuries or antigenic stimulation—such as recurrent tonsillar infections or Epstein-Barr virus infection—lymph nodes may undergo reactive hyperplasia, resulting in enlargement.