What causes heavy menstrual bleeding?

Heavy menstrual bleeding may be caused by various factors, primarily including: 1. Gynecological conditions: such as vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and endometriosis. These conditions can weaken local blood vessels, leading to increased menstrual bleeding. 2. Improper contraception: incorrect placement of intrauterine devices (IUDs) or unhygienic sexual practices may lead to infections, thereby affecting the menstrual cycle and flow. 3. Blood disorders: abnormalities in the coagulation system or other blood diseases may disrupt the regulation of menstrual bleeding, resulting in abnormally heavy periods. 4. Lifestyle factors: exposure to cold, emotional stress, and excessive fatigue may also affect menstrual volume and cause menstrual irregularities. Uterine diseases such as endometrial polyps and adenomyosis, as well as ovarian dysfunction, can also lead to increased menstrual bleeding. Abnormally heavy menstrual flow may seriously impact women's health, potentially causing anemia, infertility, and other complications.