Steps for removing kidney stones using flexible ureteroscopy

The procedure for removing kidney stones using a flexible ureteroscope mainly includes the following steps: 1. Anesthesia and Preparation: The patient is placed under general anesthesia and positioned in the lithotomy position. After successful anesthesia, the doctor disinfects the perineal area, drapes sterile surgical towels and sheets, and connects the necessary surgical instruments and equipment. 2. Establishing the Surgical Access: Through the urethra, the doctor inserts a rigid ureteroscope into the bladder. Under direct vision, an ultra-slip guidewire is inserted. Then, the flexible ureteroscope is advanced along the guidewire through the ureter up into the renal pelvis. 3. Lithotripsy and Stone Removal: Under direct visualization with the flexible scope, the doctor uses a holmium laser to fragment the stones into pieces approximately 2–3 mm in size to facilitate spontaneous passage. For larger stones, devices such as a stone basket may be used to remove them directly. 4. Postoperative Management: Under guidewire guidance, the doctor places a double-J (DJ) stent into the ureter to ensure urinary drainage and leaves a urinary catheter in place. At the end of the procedure, the flexible ureteroscope is withdrawn and then inspected and cleaned.