Can extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones cause damage to the ureter?

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for ureteral stones is a commonly used treatment method, but in certain cases, it may cause some degree of injury to the ureter. These injuries may include: 1. Local damage: During the lithotripsy procedure, movement or fragmentation of the stone may injure the ureteral wall, leading to symptoms such as bleeding and pain. In severe cases, complications such as hematuria, intensified pain, or even shock may occur. 2. Risk of infection: ESWL is an invasive procedure that may disrupt the mucosal barrier, allowing bacteria or other pathogens to enter the urinary system through damaged areas, thereby increasing the risk of infection. This may result in clinical manifestations such as fever, flank pain, urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria. 3. Renal function impairment: After lithotripsy, stone fragments may still exert mechanical pressure and irritation on renal tissue, potentially exacerbating parenchymal injury. Prolonged presence of fragments may lead to renal parenchymal atrophy, decreased kidney function, or even chronic renal failure.