What is orchitis?

Orchitis, or inflammation of the testicles, is a common disease of the male reproductive system. It is mainly caused by the following factors: 1. **Bacterial and viral infections**: The most common cause is bacterial infection, such as *Staphylococcus* and *Streptococcus*, which may ascend to the testicles via routes such as sexual transmission or urethral infection, causing inflammation. In addition, viral infections, such as mumps virus, can also lead to orchitis. 2. **Trauma**: Injury to the testicles, such as sports-related injuries or direct impact, may damage the testicular tissue and subsequently trigger inflammation. 3. **Improper surgical procedures**: During urethral or genital surgeries, inadequate sterilization of medical instruments or improper postoperative care may lead to the development of orchitis. Moreover, orchitis may also be associated with autoimmune diseases, tumors, and other factors. Orchitis is a complex process that requires comprehensive consideration of multiple contributing elements.