What causes swelling and pain in the male testicles?

Swelling and pain in the male testicles may be caused by various factors, with common causes including orchitis, epididymitis, varicocele, and testicular torsion. Orchitis and epididymitis are usually triggered by bacterial infections and can lead to symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain in the testicles, and fever. Varicocele may also cause testicular discomfort, often associated with poor lifestyle habits, prolonged standing, or sitting for extended periods. Additionally, testicular torsion is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment; otherwise, it may result in testicular necrosis. Besides these conditions, referred pain from other diseases such as chronic prostatitis or ureteral stones may also contribute. Therefore, when men experience testicular swelling or pain, it is advisable to seek timely medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment. Maintaining healthy lifestyle habits and a positive mental state can also help prevent and alleviate such symptoms.