What are the postoperative treatment options for breast cancer?

The main postoperative treatment options for breast cancer include: 1. Chemotherapy: Commonly used for patients at stage II or higher, systemic intravenous chemotherapy usually begins about one month after surgery and typically involves 4–6 cycles to kill residual cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence. 2. Radiation therapy: Local radiotherapy is administered to some patients who have undergone breast-conserving surgery, especially those who have had more than 2–3 axillary lymph nodes removed on the same side. 3. Endocrine therapy: Suitable for patients with positive estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) results in postoperative pathology, this treatment inhibits cancer cell growth by blocking or reducing estrogen activity. 4. Targeted therapy: For patients with specific genetic mutations identified through genetic testing, corresponding targeted drugs such as trastuzumab may be selected to improve cure rates. Selection of these treatment options should be individualized based on the patient's specific condition and pathological characteristics. Patients should actively cooperate with their doctors in making informed treatment decisions.