What Causes Recurrent Mouth Ulcers?

The causes of recurrent aphthous ulcers (mouth ulcers) are as follows: 1. **Genetic factors**: Aphthous ulcers are closely related to heredity. Approximately 40% of patients have a family history of mouth ulcers, which increases the risk of recurring ulcers. 2. **Immune factors**: A weakened immune system makes the body more susceptible to pathogens, leading to the development of oral ulcers. Prolonged lack of sleep or excessive fatigue may reduce immunity, making the oral mucosa fragile and prone to damage. 3. **Nutritional deficiencies**: Deficiencies in nutrients such as vitamins B and C, and trace elements—especially iron, zinc, and folic acid—may cause inflammation of the oral mucosa, leading to ulcer formation. Picky eating habits or long-term inadequate nutrient intake are the main causes of nutritional deficiencies. 4. **Psychological factors**: High levels of psychological stress, emotional fluctuations, and prolonged sleep deprivation can lead to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which may trigger mouth ulcers. 5. **Other factors**: Conditions such as gastrointestinal disorders, hormonal changes in women, residual dental calculus, and dental plaque within the oral cavity may also irritate the oral mucosa, leading to the occurrence of aphthous ulcers.