What are the common diseases of the oral cavity?

Common oral diseases include a variety of conditions, among which dental caries (commonly known as tooth decay) is the most prevalent. Dental caries is a chronic, progressive destruction of dental hard tissues caused by multiple factors including bacterial activity. Second is periodontal disease, which involves tissues such as the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, and includes gingivitis and periodontitis, potentially leading to tooth loosening or even loss. In addition, oral ulcers are also common; they typically present as round, ulcerated areas on the oral mucosa and are often accompanied by pain. Other issues include jaw deformities, oral tumors, and oral mucosal diseases. These conditions not only affect oral health but may also negatively impact overall health. Therefore, regular oral examinations should be conducted to promptly detect and treat oral diseases.