What causes a woman's lower abdomen to feel bloated and uncomfortable?

Common causes of lower abdominal fullness in women include: 1. Physiological factors: Such as menstruation, early pregnancy, or ovulation. During these periods, hormonal changes or implantation of the fertilized egg may cause a sensation of lower abdominal fullness. This typically does not require special treatment and can resolve naturally. 2. Gynecological diseases: Conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian cysts may lead to lower abdominal fullness, often accompanied by other symptoms such as increased vaginal discharge and pain in the lower back or sacral area. Prompt medical attention is required. 3. Gastrointestinal issues: Intestinal diseases such as gastroenteritis and indigestion can also cause lower abdominal fullness, often related to irregular eating habits, overeating, or other dietary factors. 4. Urinary tract infections: Such as urethritis and cystitis, which may cause lower abdominal fullness along with symptoms like frequent or urgent urination. 5. Other factors: Including excessive stress, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and exposure of the abdomen to cold temperatures, which may also lead to a sensation of lower abdominal fullness.