What causes lower abdominal pain and bloating in women?

Lower abdominal pain in women may have the following possible causes: 1. Menstrual-related pain: Many women experience lower abdominal pain during their menstrual period, known as dysmenorrhea, which may be caused by uterine contractions to expel the endometrium. 2. Digestive issues: Gastrointestinal dysfunction such as constipation, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux, or gas accumulation in the intestines may cause abdominal discomfort and distension pain. 3. Ovulation pain: Some women experience brief lower abdominal pain on one side during ovulation. 4. Pelvic inflammatory disease: Sexually transmitted diseases or other infections may cause pelvic inflammatory disease, resulting in lower abdominal pain, sometimes accompanied by symptoms such as fever and pain during sexual intercourse. 5. Urinary tract infection: Urinary tract infections such as cystitis or pyelonephritis can cause abdominal pain, usually accompanied by frequent urination, urgency, and painful urination. 6. Gynecological conditions: Gynecological problems such as ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, or endometriosis may cause abdominal pain. If lower abdominal pain persists, is severe, or is accompanied by other symptoms, prompt medical evaluation and treatment are recommended.