What is a Nabothian cyst of the cervix?

Nabothian cysts, also known as cervical glandular cysts, are cysts formed during the process in which squamous epithelium replaces columnar epithelium within the cervical transformation zone. In this process, newly formed squamous epithelium covers the cervical glandular orifice or extends into the glandular duct, causing blockage of the glandular opening and obstructing drainage of glandular secretions. They are usually normal physiological changes but may also result from chronic cervicitis or cervical injury leading to narrowing of the glandular orifice. Symptoms of Nabothian cysts may include increased vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal bleeding, abdominal discomfort, cervical hypertrophy, and menstrual disorders. Asymptomatic patients can be observed over a long period, while symptomatic patients can receive medical treatment, physical therapy, or surgical intervention under a physician's guidance. Prevention of Nabothian cysts involves attention to diet, exercise, regular lifestyle, genital hygiene, and contraceptive measures.