Clinical Manifestations of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a severe acute infectious disease with diverse clinical manifestations and rapid disease progression. Patients typically present acutely with initial symptoms including high fever, fatigue, headache, myalgia, and sore throat, which may be accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. As the disease progresses, patients may enter a critical phase on the third to fourth day of illness, characterized by persistent high fever, worsening of infectious-toxic symptoms and gastrointestinal manifestations, and varying degrees of hemorrhagic signs, such as mucocutaneous bleeding, hematemesis, hemoptysis, melena, and hematuria. Severe cases may also develop altered mental status, shock, and multi-organ involvement, potentially leading to death due to hemorrhage or multi-organ failure. Therefore, immediate medical attention should be sought upon the appearance of the aforementioned symptoms to prevent disease progression and life-threatening complications.