What are the causes of elevated transpeptidase levels?

Elevated levels of transferase enzymes (such as gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT] or aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) can be caused by various factors. The following are some common causes: 1. **Liver diseases**: Hepatitis (viral, alcoholic, or drug-induced), fatty liver, cirrhosis, and liver cancer can all lead to elevated transferase levels, as these conditions damage liver cells, releasing more enzymes into the bloodstream. 2. **Alcohol consumption**: Long-term excessive alcohol intake is a common cause of elevated GGT levels, as it can damage the liver. 3. **Biliary obstruction**: When bile ducts are inflamed, blocked by gallstones, or compressed by tumors, bile outflow becomes impaired, affecting liver function and increasing transferase levels. 4. **Medications and toxins**: Certain drugs, chemicals, or toxins (such as specific antibiotics, analgesics, and anti-tuberculosis medications) may also cause elevated transferase levels. 5. **Pancreatic diseases**: Although primarily associated with liver function, certain pancreatic conditions such as pancreatitis may also affect transferase levels. If transferase levels remain elevated, it is advisable to consult a physician for further evaluation. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle—including moderate alcohol consumption, a balanced diet, and regular exercise—can help support normal liver function.