What causes elevated bilirubin levels?

Elevated bilirubin levels may be caused by various factors, mainly including the following: 1. **Liver diseases**: Such as viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. These conditions can damage liver cells, affecting the normal metabolism and excretion of bilirubin, leading to elevated bilirubin levels. 2. **Biliary tract diseases**: Conditions such as biliary obstruction, cholangitis, and gallstones can impede the normal flow of bile, preventing bilirubin from being excreted properly and causing its accumulation in the body, resulting in elevated bilirubin levels. 3. **Medications**: Certain drugs, such as antibiotics, analgesics, and antiepileptic medications, may cause liver damage, thereby affecting bilirubin metabolism and leading to increased bilirubin levels. 4. **External factors**: Prolonged fasting, excessive alcohol consumption, and long-term exposure to harmful chemical substances may also cause liver damage, leading to elevated bilirubin levels. 5. **Congenital disorders**: Genetic conditions such as Gilbert's syndrome can impair the liver's ability to properly convert bilirubin, resulting in elevated bilirubin levels. 6. **Hemolysis of red blood cells**: Hemolysis caused by various factors can also increase bilirubin levels, primarily elevating indirect bilirubin. If elevated bilirubin levels occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical attention for comprehensive evaluation and treatment.