What does it mean to have high bilirubin levels, and what are the potential risks?

Bilirubin is produced in the body from the breakdown of aging red blood cells. Under normal circumstances, it is processed in the liver and excreted into the intestines via bile, eventually being eliminated from the body through feces. When the bilirubin level in the blood becomes abnormally elevated, resulting in "high bilirubin," this may be caused by the following reasons:

1. Hemolytic jaundice: Excessive destruction of red blood cells produces bilirubin beyond the liver's processing capacity.

2. Hepatocellular jaundice: Impaired liver function prevents effective processing of bilirubin.

3. Obstructive jaundice: Blockage in the biliary system prevents normal excretion of bilirubin.

The risks associated with elevated bilirubin levels should not be underestimated. High bilirubin levels may trigger jaundice, causing yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes. Additionally, persistently elevated bilirubin levels may cause damage to the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems, such as bradycardia, hypotension, myocardial damage, gastrointestinal ulcers, dehydration, malnutrition, lung impairment, headaches, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. If elevated bilirubin levels are detected, prompt medical attention is necessary.