What does a positive pre-S1 antigen test result mean?

A positive pre-S1 antigen test usually indicates that the body has been infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and the virus is actively replicating within the body. This is an important biomarker in hepatitis B testing, and its appearance often precedes other conventional hepatitis B tests, such as a positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), making it a useful early diagnostic indicator for HBV infection. Hepatitis B virus is a pathogen transmitted through blood, bodily fluids, and other routes. Infection can lead to hepatitis B and may even cause liver inflammation, damage, and complications. A positive pre-S1 antigen suggests that the patient needs further comprehensive evaluation, including liver function tests, HBV DNA quantitative testing, and abdominal color ultrasound, to understand the specific condition and severity of the disease. For patients with a positive pre-S1 antigen, it is recommended to promptly consult a specialist physician to develop an appropriate treatment plan. During treatment, maintaining good hygiene practices is essential to avoid cross-infection. Regular follow-up examinations are also very important in order to monitor disease progression and adjust the treatment plan as needed.