What are the early signs of macular degeneration?

Macular degeneration is a disease that primarily affects the macula, the central region of the retina. It is not a precursor to other diseases but rather an independent visual problem. Macular degeneration is often age-related and is therefore also called age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD can be divided into two types: dry and wet. Dry AMD is more common and mainly characterized by thinning and loss of cells in the macular area, with a slower progression. Wet AMD involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the macula, which can leak fluid or bleed, leading to rapid vision loss. In the early stages, there may be no symptoms. As the condition progresses, patients may experience blurred central vision, distortion of straight lines, or difficulty reading. If left untreated, wet AMD can lead to severe vision loss. If changes in vision occur, immediate medical attention is necessary. Doctors may recommend photodynamic therapy, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections, or other treatments to manage the condition.