What causes cataracts?

Cataract is a common eye disease primarily characterized by gradual clouding of the eye's lens and declining vision. Its main causes include: 1. Age-related: With aging, the proteins in the lens naturally undergo denaturation and gradually aggregate to form opacity. This is the most common cause, known as age-related cataract. 2. Ultraviolet exposure: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight, especially UVB, can accelerate the lens degeneration process. 3. Genetic factors: Certain congenital cataracts are associated with genetic abnormalities and may appear at birth or early in childhood. 4. Diseases and medications: Conditions such as diabetes and long-term use of corticosteroids or other specific medications may increase the risk of developing cataracts. 5. Malnutrition: Deficiencies in nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and antioxidants may be associated with cataract development. 6. Other factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, obesity, and prolonged exposure to radiation are also considered risk factors for cataracts. If symptoms such as blurred vision, reduced color perception, or increased sensitivity to glare occur, prompt medical attention is advised.