Side effects of metformin

Metformin is a commonly used oral antidiabetic medication that primarily helps the body utilize insulin more effectively and lowers blood glucose levels. Although metformin is generally well tolerated, some patients may experience the following side effects: 1. Gastrointestinal discomfort: The most common reactions are gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or indigestion. These usually occur when starting the medication or increasing the dose, and symptoms often diminish or disappear over time. 2. Bitter taste or metallic taste in the mouth: Metformin may sometimes affect taste sensation, causing a bitter or metallic taste. 3. Anemia: Long-term use may lead to reduced absorption of vitamin B12, potentially causing mild anemia. 4. Hypoglycemia: When metformin is used in combination with other hypoglycemic agents, it may increase the risk of low blood sugar, presenting as dizziness, sweating, palpitations, and other symptoms. 5. Lactic acidosis: This is a rare but serious side effect, occurring primarily in patients with impaired liver or kidney function or during acute illnesses. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, muscle pain, slow heartbeat, and other related manifestations. Note that patients experiencing severe side effects should seek immediate medical attention.