What tests are required before surgery?

A series of examinations are usually required before surgery to ensure the safety and feasibility of the procedure. These examinations mainly include: 1. Routine tests: Complete blood count (CBC), urinalysis, stool analysis, liver and kidney function tests, electrolyte levels, lipid profile, and blood glucose testing, which are used to assess the patient's general physical condition and nutritional status. 2. Cardiopulmonary function tests: Electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, and echocardiography, which evaluate cardiopulmonary function and determine whether the patient can tolerate surgery and anesthesia. 3. Coagulation function tests: Coagulation panel (e.g., prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, etc.), to assess the patient's coagulation status and prevent the risk of intraoperative bleeding. 4. Screening for infectious diseases: Such as tests for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and syphilis, to prevent healthcare-associated infections. 5. Specialized tests: Depending on the type of surgery and the patient's specific condition, additional specific tests may be required.